Suitable Candidates for a Deep Plane Facelift:

Age and Skin Condition:

• Typically people in their 40s to 70s (occasionally younger or older!) with moderate to severe signs of aging.
• Individuals with sagging mid-face, jowls, or deep nasolabial folds (lines running from the nose to the mouth).

Good Skin Elasticity:

• Even though signs of aging are present, candidates should have sufficient skin elasticity to ensure the skin can adapt to the facial structure changes.

Overall Health:

• Non-smokers or those willing to quit before and after surgery.
• Healthy individuals without medical conditions that impair healing (like uncontrolled diabetes or severe cardiovascular issues).

Realistic Expectations:

• Those seeking a natural-looking rejuvenation rather than a "pulled" appearance.
• Patients who understand that recovery may take several weeks.

Facial Anatomy:

• Ideal for those whose sagging occurs in deeper facial structures rather than just loose surface skin.
• People who may not see as much benefit from a traditional facelift or skin-only procedures.

Commitment to Post-Operative Care:

• Willing to follow post-operative instructions carefully for optimal healing and results.

Choosing the right type of facelift depends on your specific facial structure, aging concerns, skin condition, and goals. Here's a breakdown of popular facelift types to help you narrow down what might be suitable for you:

Mini Facelift (Short-Scar Facelift)

• Best for: Mild sagging around the jawline, early signs of aging.
  
• Ideal Age Range: Late 30s to 50s.
  
• Recovery: About 1-2 weeks.
  
• Results: Subtle, natural-looking improvements.

Traditional (SMAS) Facelift

• Best for: Moderate to severe aging signs, sagging skin, jowls, and loose neck skin.
• Ideal Age Range: 40s to 70s.
• Recovery: 2-4 weeks.
• Results: Reasonable facial rejuvenation with long-lasting results in the right hands.

Deep Plane Facelift

• Best for: Severe sagging of deeper facial structures, nasolabial folds, and jowls.
• Ideal Age Range: Late 40s to 70s.
• Recovery: 3-4 weeks.
• Results: Natural-looking, long-lasting improvement without tension on the skin. This option is the gold standard in facial rejuvenation.

Mid-Facelift (Cheek Lift)

• Best for: Sagging in the cheek area and under the eyes.
• Ideal Age Range: 40s to 60s.
• Recovery: 1-2 weeks.
  Results: Lifting of the mid-face with a youthful appearance.

Neck Lift (Lower Facelift)

• Best for: Excess fat, skin laxity, and muscle banding in the neck.
• Ideal Age Range: 40s to 70s.
  
• Recovery: 2-4 weeks.
  
• Results: Defined jawline, smoother neck, and a more acute cervicomental angle (the angle between the chin and the neck).

A note about “Non-Surgical” Facelift Options (Thread Lifts, fillers)

Dr. Glass cautions against thread lifts. They only redistribute skin, may tent the overlying skin causing pain and scarring, and can damage crucial facial structures, including nerves.

Fillers should always be used with caution and are not a substitute for a facelift.

The exact steps vary depending on the type and extent of the facelift, but here’s a general overview of what the operation involves:

Anaesthesia

• Anaesthesia is administered for comfort during the procedure. Options include general anesthesia (full sedation) or local anesthesia with deep sedation. We work with highly experienced consultant anaesthetists, so please feel free to discuss this with them.

Incision Placement

Depending on the type of facelift:

• In a traditional facelift, the incision starts at the temples, continues around the ears, and may extend into the hairline behind the ears.
• In a mini facelift, the incisions are shorter and made around the ear.
• For a neck lift, the incision is placed under the chin to address sagging in the neck.

Tissue Repositioning and Sculpting

• The surgeon lifts and repositions deeper facial muscles and connective tissue by releasing the retaining ligaments (deep plane) or by reducing and repositioning the fibro-fatty layer (SMAS).
• The tissues beneath the skin are then repositioned.

Skin Redraping and Trimming

• The skin is gently re-draped, tension-free, over the newly shaped contours. Excess skin is trimmed for a smoother, tighter appearance.

Closure of Incisions

• Incisions are closed with sutures, which are removed at 1 week.
• Often, a “net” of non-absorbable sutures is used to secure the repositioned skin for 72 hours.
• Small drains are often used, exiting behind the ear, and removed on day 1 before discharge.

Recovery and Post-Operative Care

• During the immediate post-surgery period, swelling, bruising, and mild discomfort are common. If a neck lift has been performed, the neck will feel tight. This might be disconcerting but is nothing to worry about.
• Follow-up visits are crucial—sutures are typically removed after 3 days (net) and 7 days (everything else).
• Downtime is usually 2-4 weeks for swelling and bruising to subside.

Potential Enhancements

• As per the pre-agreed surgical plan, Dr. Glass may combine a facelift with additional procedures for optimal results. These may include:
• Neck lifts for a refined jawline, brow lift, fat grafting to restore volume, eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty), and skin resurfacing treatments.

Facelift Recovery Timeline

Immediate Post-Op (Day 1-3)

• Swelling, bruising, and mild discomfort are normal.
• Tightness or numbness in the face may be present.
• Light walking is encouraged to promote circulation.

Early Recovery (Day 4-10)

• Swelling and bruising begin to subside.
• Stitches are typically removed between 3-7 days.
• Most patients can switch to lighter pain management (like over-the-counter medications).
• Avoid strenuous activities.

Week 2-3

• Bruising fades, and residual swelling continues to reduce.
• Numbness may persist but usually improves over time.
• Many people feel comfortable returning to work by the end of the second or third week.

Weeks 4-6

• Noticeable improvements in facial contour.
• Most swelling and tightness should have resolved.
• Resume moderate physical activities after surgeon clearance.

3-6 Months

• Results begin to stabilise as the skin continues to settle.
• Numbness usually resolves fully.
  Scars gradually fade and soften over time.

6-9 Months

• Final result achieved.

Tips for Faster Recovery

• Follow post-op care: Clean incisions as instructed and attend follow-ups.
• Sleep elevated: This reduces swelling.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol: These hinder healing.
• Gentle skincare: Use products as recommended by your doctor.
• Patience: Healing varies by individual.

Importantly, a facelift doesn’t arrest the ageing process. It simply turns the clock back. On average:

Traditional (SMAS) or Deep Plane Facelift

• Results typically last 10 to 15 years.
• Deep plane facelifts are typically the most durable.

Mini Facelift

• Results usually last around 5 to 7 years due to less extensive tissue repositioning.

Neck/Brow Lift (if combined)

• The improved neck and brow contour often helps maintain longer-lasting results.

Factors That Affect Longevity

Age at Surgery

• Younger patients may experience longer-lasting results.

Skin Quality

• Better skin elasticity and thickness support longer outcomes.

Lifestyle Choices

• Avoiding smoking, excessive sun exposure, and maintaining a stable weight helps maintain results.

Surgeon's Expertise

• Proper deep tissue repositioning yields more durable results.

Post-Surgical Care

• Good skincare and near infra-red laser therapy accelerate healing and help extend facelift results.

Common Risks

• Swelling and bruising are normal and temporary, usually resolving within 2-3 weeks.
• Numbness or changes in sensation are temporary in most cases but can occasionally persist.
• Scarring is typically well-hidden around the ears and hairline but may be more noticeable for some patients.

Surgical Risks

• Hematoma is a collection of blood under the skin, often requiring drainage. It occurs in about 1-3% of cases.
• Infection is rare but possible and may require antibiotics or further treatment.

Nerve Damage

• Temporary or, in rare cases, permanent injury to the facial nerves may occur. This can cause weakness in facial muscles (drooping), but most cases improve within a few months.

Skin Irregularities and Asymmetry

• Uneven healing or slight facial asymmetries may occur. Visible puckering of the skin is uncommon but may require correction.

Hair Loss at Incision Sites

• Temporary or, rarely, permanent hair thinning can occur near the incisions.

Poor Wound Healing

• More common in smokers or patients with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes.

Blood Clots (Deep Vein Thrombosis)

• A rare but serious complication.

How to Minimize Risks

• Follow pre- and post-operative instructions: Avoid smoking and alcohol before surgery. Take prescribed medications and attend follow-ups.
• Be honest about your health history: Mention conditions like high blood pressure or medications that affect healing.

A brow lift (forehead lift) is designed to lift sagging eyebrows, smooth forehead wrinkles, and reduce the appearance of frown lines. It can create a more youthful and refreshed look by raising the brows to a natural position.

Ideal Candidates for a Brow Lift

• You may be a good candidate for a brow lift if you have:
• Low or drooping eyebrows – If your brows sit too low or flat, making you look tired or sad.
• Forehead wrinkles or deep frown lines – Especially if Botox or fillers don’t give enough improvement.
• Hooded or heavy upper eyelids – Sometimes caused by a low brow position rather than excess eyelid skin.
• Asymmetrical eyebrows – A brow lift can help balance uneven brows.
• A naturally heavy brow – Some people genetically have thick, low-set brows that can cause a perpetually tired or angry expression.
• Good overall health – No major medical conditions that would increase surgical risks.
• Realistic expectations – Understanding that a brow lift can improve your appearance but won’t completely stop ageing.

Who Might NOT Be a Good Candidate?

• You may not be suitable for a brow lift if:
• Your concern is only excess eyelid skin – In this case, upper blepharoplasty might be a better option.
• You have a high hairline – Some types of brow lifts can make the forehead look longer (but a modified technique can help).
• You have a history of keloid or poor scarring – Especially if you tend to form thick scars.
• Severe dry eyes or eye conditions – A brow lift can slightly affect eyelid positioning, which may worsen dry eyes or irritation.
• Neurological conditions affecting the forehead muscles – Conditions like Bell’s palsy or other muscle disorders can affect healing and results.

The best type of brow lift for you depends on your brow position, forehead shape, skin elasticity, and concerns. Below is a guide to help you decide:

1. Gliding Brow Lift (Minimally Invasive)

Best for:

• Mild to moderate brow sagging
• Younger patients or those with good skin elasticity/minimal excess skin
  People who want minimal scarring and a quicker recovery
• Individuals with a normal or slightly high forehead

May not be suitable if:

• You have severe brow drooping (this technique provides a subtle lift)

How it works:

• Small incisions are made behind the hairline, and a camera is used to lift the brows internally. Minimal scarring and quicker recovery.

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2. Temporal (Lateral) Brow Lift (Outer Brow Lift)

Best for:

• People with mild outer brow drooping (tail of the brows)
• Those who want a subtle, natural-looking lift
• Individuals with hooded outer eyelids
  People who don’t want a full forehead lift

May not be suitable if:

• You need a full brow or forehead lift
• You have significant forehead wrinkles

How it works:

• Small incisions are made at the temples (behind the hairline), lifting the outer part of the brows.

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3. Coronal Brow Lift (Traditional Forehead Lift)

Best for:

• Severe brow drooping
• People with deep forehead wrinkles
• Those with thicker skin that needs a stronger lift
• Individuals with a low hairline (this can slightly raise it)

May not be suitable if:

• You have a high forehead (this procedure can make it look longer)
• You prefer a less invasive procedure

How it works:

• A long incision is made across the scalp, hidden in the hairline, to lift the entire brow and forehead area.

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4. Hairline Brow Lift (Pretrichial Lift)

Best for:

• People with a high forehead who want a brow lift but don’t want to raise their hairline
• Those with moderate to severe brow drooping

May not be suitable if:

• You have a low hairline (as it can shorten the forehead)
• You want a completely hidden scar

How it works:

• The incision is made just at the hairline, lifting the brows without increasing forehead height.

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5. Direct Brow Lift (For Heavy Brows)

Best for:

• Older patients with very heavy, drooping brows
• People who need a strong, targeted lift
• Those with asymmetrical brows needing correction

May not be suitable if:

• You don’t want visible scars (as the incision is just above the brows)
• You only need a subtle lift

How it works:

• Skin is removed just above the eyebrows, lifting them directly. This is sometimes used for medical reasons, such as severe brow drooping affecting vision.

Which Brow Lift is Right for You?

If your outer brows are drooping
→ Temporal (Lateral) Brow Lift

If you need a strong lift for the whole forehead
→ Coronal Brow Lift

If you have a high forehead but need a lift
→ Hairline Brow Lift

If you have very heavy brows and don’t mind visible scars
→ Direct Brow Lift

A brow lift (also called a forehead lift) is a surgical procedure designed to raise the eyebrows, smooth forehead wrinkles, and reduce frown lines. The exact technique depends on the type of brow lift you choose.

The Brow Lift Procedure – Step by Step

Before Surgery (Preparation)

• Consultation: Dr. Glass will perform a clinical examination.
• Discuss your goals: The best brow lift technique will be chosen for you.
• Pre-surgery precautions: Stop smoking, aspirin, and blood-thinning medications at least 2 weeks before surgery.
• Plan for aftercare: Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure.

The Surgery – What Happens During a Brow Lift?

1. Anaesthesia

• Local anaesthesia with sedation (for less invasive lifts like lateral brow lift).
• General anaesthesia (for more extensive lifts like coronal or hairline brow lifts).

2. Incisions & Technique

• The placement and size of the incisions depend on the type of brow lift chosen.

3. Lifting & Repositioning

• Tissues and muscles are lifted to create a more youthful appearance.
• Excess skin and fat may be removed or repositioned.

4. Closing the Incisions

• Stitches or dissolvable sutures are used to close the incisions.
• In some cases, a surgical haemostatic net (sometimes called an "Auersvald" net) will be applied. This looks alarming but is removed after 72 hours.

5. Recovery Begins

• The procedure takes 1 to 2 hours, depending on the technique used.
• Most patients go home the same day.

The recovery time after a brow lift depends on the type of procedure, your healing process, and how well you follow aftercare instructions. Most people feel comfortable resuming normal activities within 2–3 weeks, but full healing can take
a few months.

General Recovery Timeline for a Brow Lift

First 24–48 Hours

• Swelling and bruising peak (mostly around the forehead, eyes, and temples).
• Mild discomfort or tightness is common. Pain is usually mild and managed with painkillers.
• Use cold compresses to reduce swelling.
• Rest with your head elevated to minimise swelling.
• The surgical “net” is typically removed at 72 hours

Days 3–7

• Bruising and swelling begin to subside.
• Remaining stitches are removed around day 7–10.
• Most people feel comfortable going outside with sunglasses or light makeup.

Weeks 1–2

• Swelling and bruising continue to fade.
• Most people feel well enough to return to light activities and work (if
  it’s not physically demanding).
• Avoid strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, or bending over.

Weeks 3–4

• Most swelling is gone, though minor tightness may persist.
• You can resume moderate exercise.
• Scars start fading (though they may still be slightly red).

6–12 Weeks (Final Healing)

• Residual swelling fully resolves, and the final brow position becomes more noticeable.
• Scars continue to fade, becoming much less visible.
• Most people see their final results by 3 months, but the full healing process can take up to 6 months.

SpecificRecovery Times by Brow Lift Type

Temporal (Lateral) Brow Lift

• Initial recovery: 10–14 days
• Back to work: 2 weeks
• Full healing: 6–8 weeks

Coronal Brow Lift (Traditional Forehead Lift)

• Initial recovery: 2–3 weeks
• Back to work: 3–4 weeks
• Full healing: 8–12 weeks

Hairline Brow Lift (Pretrichial Lift)

• Initial recovery: 2–3 weeks
• Back to work: 2–3 weeks
• Full healing: 8–12 weeks

Direct Brow Lift

• Initial recovery: 10–14 days
• Back to work: 1–2 weeks
• Full healing: 6–8 weeks

Tips for a Smooth Recovery

• Use cold compresses in the first 48 hours to reduce swelling.
• Sleep with your head elevated (use extra pillows).
• Avoid bending over, heavy lifting, and strenuous exercise for 2–3 weeks.
• Skip makeup on incisions for at least 2 weeks to prevent irritation.
• Avoid alcohol and smoking as they slow healing.
• Stay hydrated and eat a healthy diet to support recovery.
• Protect scars from the sun with sunglasses and SPF to prevent pigmentation.

The results of a brow lift are long-lasting, but the exact duration depends on factors such as age, skin quality, lifestyle, and the type of brow lift performed.

Expected Longevity by Brow Lift Type

Temporal (Lateral) Brow Lift – 5–7 years.
Targets outer brows, more natural but may require touch-ups.

Coronal Brow Lift (Traditional Forehead Lift) – 10–15 years.
Most long-lasting but more invasive.

Hairline Brow Lift (Pretrichial Lift) – 10–15 years.
Effective for high foreheads, durable results.

Direct Brow Lift – 10+ years.
Typically used for medical or functional reasons, long-lasting.

In many cases, the results last 10 years or more, and for some people, they can be permanent. However, natural ageing will still occur.

Factors That Affect How Long a Brow Lift Lasts

• Your skin quality – Good skin elasticity means longer-lasting results.
• Age at the time of surgery – Younger patients tend to have longer-lasting effects.
• Lifestyle factors – Smoking, sun exposure, and poor skincare can cause faster ageing.
• Surgical technique – More invasive lifts (e.g., coronal brow lift) tend to last longer than minimally invasive ones (e.g., endoscopic brow lift, which Dr. Glass does not perform for this reason).
• Gravity and ageing – Over time, forehead skin and muscles naturally loosen,
  which may cause some brow descent.

How to Maintain Brow Lift Results for Longer

• Wear sunscreen daily – UV rays accelerate skin ageing.
• Use anti-ageing skincare – Retinol, collagen-boosting creams, and hydration help maintain skin firmness.
• Consider Botox for maintenance – Small doses of Botox every 3–6 months can help prevent the brows from lowering over time.
• Stay hydrated and eat a healthy diet – Good nutrition supports skin elasticity.
• Avoid smoking and excess alcohol – These break down collagen faster, leading to premature ageing.

A brow lift is generally a safe procedure but like any surgery, it comes with potential risks and complications. The specific risks depend on the type of brow lift (lateral, temporal, coronal, hairline, or direct).

1. Common Side Effects (Usually Temporary)
These are expected as part of the healing process:

• Swelling & Bruising – Typically lasts 1–2 weeks, especially around the eyes and forehead.
• Cross-hatching – Typically lasts around 1 week. This is because Dr Glass often uses a suture “net” to maintain position
• Tightness or Numbness in the Forehead – Can last a few weeks to months but usually improves.
• Temporary Hair Shedding (Shock Hair Loss) – Some patients notice temporary hair thinning near the incisions, but hair usually regrows.
• Mild Scarring – Scars are hidden in the hairline or natural creases and fade over time.
  

2. Potential Risks & Complications

• Though rare, the following complications can occur:
  
• Asymmetry or Uneven Results
  
• One brow may heal slightly higher than the other, leading to asymmetry.
  This may require revision surgery or Botox to correct.
  
• Overcorrection: Brows may be lifted too high, leading to a permanently surprised look.
• Under-correction: The lift may not be strong enough, requiring additional adjustments.
  
• Visible or Poorly Healing Scars
  
• Some people may develop thicker or raised scars (hypertrophic or keloid scars).
• Coronal and hairline brow lifts have longer incisions, which can be more noticeable.
  
• Changes in Sensation (Numbness or Tingling)
  
• Some numbness around the forehead and scalp is normal but can last for months.
• In rare cases, permanent numbness can occur if nerves are affected.
  
• Nerve Damage (Rare but Serious)
  
• The facial nerve controls forehead movement, and temporary weakness can occur.
• Permanent nerve damage is very rare but could lead to difficulty raising the brows or moving the forehead.
  
• Hairline Changes (Receding or Widened Forehead)
  
• Coronal brow lifts can raise the hairline, making the forehead look longer.
• Hair thinning or bald patches near the incision are possible but usually temporary.
  

Infection (Rare)

• Redness, warmth, pus, or increasing pain could indicate an infection, requiring antibiotics or drainage.
• Bleeding & Haematoma (Blood Collection Under the Skin)
• Rare but can cause swelling and discomfort, sometimes needing drainage.
• Headaches or Prolonged Forehead Tightness
• Some people experience temporary headaches due to tissue repositioning.
• Most discomfort resolves within a few weeks.
  

How to Reduce the Risks

• Follow aftercare instructions – Keep the area clean, avoid excessive movement, and protect incisions from sun exposure.
• Sleep with your head elevated – Helps reduce swelling faster.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol – These slow down healing and increase complications.
• Take it easy – Avoid strenuous activity for at least 2–3 weeks to prevent bleeding or swelling.

A suitable candidate for rhinoplasty (nose surgery) is typically someone who meets the following criteria:

1. Physical Health Considerations

• Generally Healthy: No serious medical conditions that could affect healing (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, bleeding disorders).
• Fully Developed Nose: Typically, 16-17 years old for women and 18+ for men, as nasal growth should be complete.
• Non-Smoker or Willing to Quit: Smoking can slow healing and increase the risk of complications.

2. Aesthetic & Functional Concerns

• Dissatisfaction with Nose Shape or Size: Issues like a dorsal hump, bulbous tip, asymmetry, or wide nostrils.
• Breathing Difficulties: Candidates with a deviated septum or nasal obstruction may benefit from functional rhinoplasty.
• Trauma or Congenital Deformities: Those with a history of nasal injuries or birth defects that affect the nose.
• Previous Surgery: Those who have had nasal surgery in the past and are dissatisfied with the shape or their breathing.

3. Psychological & Emotional Readiness

• Realistic Expectations: Understanding that rhinoplasty enhances but does not create "perfection."
• Emotional Stability: Not undergoing surgery due to peer pressure or temporary emotional distress.
  
• Willingness to Follow Post-Op Care: Adherence to recovery instructions is crucial for optimal results.

The type of rhinoplasty you need depends on your goals, concerns, and nasal structure.

1. Cosmetic Rhinoplasty (For Aesthetic Changes)
Best for you if:

• You want to change the size, shape, or symmetry of your nose.
• You have concerns like a dorsal hump, wide nostrils, or a bulbous tip.
• Your nose is asymmetrical or disproportionate to your face.

Types of Cosmetic Rhinoplasty:

• Reduction Rhinoplasty: Makes the nose smaller.
• Augmentation Rhinoplasty: Adds volume using cartilage grafts.
• Tip Rhinoplasty: Focuses on refining the nasal tip.

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2. Functional Rhinoplasty (For Breathing Issues)
Best for you if:

• You experience nasal obstruction or difficulty breathing.
• You have a deviated septum or collapsed nasal valves.
• You suffer from chronic nasal congestion or snoring.

Common Functional Procedures:

• Septoplasty: Corrects a deviated septum.
• Turbinate Reduction: Reduces swollen nasal turbinates for better airflow.
• Nasal Valve Repair: Strengthens the nasal passage to prevent collapse.

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3. Revision Rhinoplasty (For Corrections & Improvements)
Best for you if:

• You have had a previous rhinoplasty but are unhappy with the results.
  
• Your previous surgery caused breathing problems or asymmetry.
  
• Your nose did not heal as expected, or you experienced complications.

Note: Revision rhinoplasty is more complex, may require the harvest of rib cartilage in some cases, and takes longer to do. All of these factors are reflected in the costs involved.

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4. (A Note About) Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty
Best for you if:

• You want minor adjustments without surgery.
• You need minor shape correction (like filling in small depressions).
• You’re looking for a temporary solution (lasts 6-12 months).

How It Works:

• Uses dermal fillers (like hyaluronic acid) to reshape the nose.
• Can help smooth out bumps or asymmetry.
• Does not reduce nose size or fix breathing issues.

How to Determine the Best Option?

• Think about your goals: Do you want to improve appearance, breathing, or both?
  
• Consider your health & healing ability: Surgical rhinoplasty requires downtime (1-2 weeks of initial recovery).

Rhinoplasty, commonly known as a nose job, is a surgical procedure that reshapes or restructures the nose for aesthetic or functional purposes.

1. Initial Consultation
Before surgery, you’ll meet with a plastic surgeon or ENT specialist to:

• Discuss your goals (cosmetic, functional, or both).
• Assess your nasal structure and skin thickness.
• Review medical history (previous surgeries, breathing issues, allergies).
• Receive advice on realistic expectations.
  Tip: Bring reference photos to help communicate your ideal results.

2. Preparing for Surgery
Before the procedure, your surgeon may advise:

• Stopping smoking (as it affects healing).
• Avoiding aspirin, ibuprofen, or blood thinners for 2 weeks.
• Arranging time off work (usually 1-2 weeks for recovery).
• Fasting 6-8 hours before surgery (if under general anaesthesia).

3. The Rhinoplasty Procedure

• Duration: 2 to 4 hours
• Anaesthesia: General Anaesthesia

Types of Rhinoplasty Approaches:

Open Rhinoplasty (I only offer this approach)

• A small incision is made under the nose (columella).
  
• The skin is lifted to expose the nasal structures.
• Best for major reshaping, structural changes, or revision surgery.

Surgical Modifications That May Be Performed (every case is different)
• Removing a dorsal hump (excess bone or cartilage).
• Narrowing the bony nasal sidewalls (osteotomy).
• Supporting the internal nasal valves (to improve breathing).
• Reducing bones inside the nose (inferior turbinates, also to improve breathing).
• Reshaping the tip (refining bulbous, droopy, or asymmetrical tips).
• Narrowing the nostrils (alar base reduction).
• Straightening a deviated septum (for better breathing).
• Cartilage grafting (using your own cartilage for added structure).

Initial Recovery: 1-2 weeks
Final Results: 12 months (80% of swelling subsides by 3 months, but full healing takes longer)

First Week:

• Nose will be swollen and bruised around the eyes.
  
• A splint and bandages will protect the nose.
  
• Avoid blowing your nose or heavy lifting.

2-4 Weeks:

• Bruising fades, swelling reduces.
  
• Return to light activities but avoid strenuous exercise.
  
• The nose may be taped for continued support.

3-6 Months:

• Most swelling subsides, and the nose starts settling.
  
• Numbness or tightness and slight irregularities may still be present.

6-12 Months:

• Final shape becomes fully visible.
• Internal healing continues at a slower pace.

• Rhinoplasty results are permanent, but aging and lifestyle may slightly alter nasal shape over time.
• Avoid trauma or pressure on the nose during recovery.
• Follow post-op care instructions for the best outcome.

1. Common & Temporary Side Effects (Expected in the first few weeks after surgery)

• Swelling & Bruising – Around the nose and under the eyes, usually resolves within 2-4 weeks.
• Nasal Congestion – Due to swelling inside the nose; improves as healing progresses.
• Minor Bleeding – Light bleeding in the first few days is normal.
• Numbness – Temporary loss of sensation around the nose and upper lip.

How to Manage: Follow post-op care, keep your head elevated, and avoid blowing your nose.

2. Potential Risks & Complications (Though uncommon, these risks should be considered)

Aesthetic Concerns
Asymmetry – The nose may heal unevenly, leading to a crooked or imbalanced appearance.

• Over or Under-Correction – The nose may look too small, too big, or unnatural if too much or too little tissue is removed.
• Unhappy with Results – Some patients feel their nose does not match expectations, leading to revision surgery.

Breathing & Functional Issues

• Nasal Obstruction – Swelling or structural changes may make breathing more difficult instead of improving it.
• Collapsed Nasal Valves – Weakening of nasal support can cause a pinched look or breathing difficulties.
• Septal Perforation – A hole in the septum (the cartilage dividing the nostrils), which can cause whistling sounds, crusting, or breathing problems.

Medical Risks & Complications

• Infection – Rare but possible; signs include redness, fever, or pus-like discharge.
• Excessive Bleeding – Uncommon but can occur during or after surgery.
• Anaesthesia Reactions – Possible side effects include nausea, dizziness, or allergic reactions.
• Scarring – More likely in open rhinoplasty, though usually well-hidden under the nose.

3. Long-Term Risks

• Prolonged Swelling – In some cases, swelling can last 6-12 months before the final result is visible. In rare cases, it can take up to 18 months.
• Skin Sensitivity – Some patients experience long-term numbness or tingling around the nose.
• Cartilage Shift or Deformities – The nasal structure may shift over time, affecting the final shape.

4. Revision Rhinoplasty Risks

• More Complex Surgery: Scar tissue from the first surgery can make revisions harder.
• Higher Risk of Complications: Less tissue to work with may increase the chance of asymmetry or breathing problems.
• Emotional Frustration: Needing a second surgery can be stressful and costly.
• Patience is required! Even if everything goes as planned, it takes time for the final result to fully settle.

A suitable candidate for eyelid surgery—whether upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, or ptosis correction—should meet certain medical, aesthetic, and functional criteria. Here’s a breakdown of ideal candidates for each procedure:

1. Upper Blepharoplasty (Upper Eyelid Surgery)

Ideal for individuals who have:

• Excess upper eyelid skin that causes drooping or hooding
• Fat deposits leading to a puffy appearance
• Functional vision issues due to sagging skin obstructing sight
• Aesthetic concerns about an aged or tired appearance

Not suitable for people with:

• Severe dry eyes (as surgery may worsen symptoms)
• Uncontrolled medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, thyroid eye disease)
• Poor healing ability due to smoking or immune disorders

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2. Lower Blepharoplasty (Lower Eyelid Surgery)

Ideal for individuals who have:

• Under-eye bags or puffiness due to fat protrusion
• Dark circles caused by shadowing from excess skin or hollowing
• Wrinkles or sagging lower eyelid skin
• Scleral show - weakness of the lower lid muscles causing exposure of the white of the eye

Not suitable for people with:

• Unrealistic expectations (e.g., complete removal of all wrinkles)
• Severe lower eyelid laxity, which could lead to complications like ectropion (eyelid turning outward)
• Significant dry eye syndrome

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3. Ptosis Surgery (Eyelid Lift for Droopy Eyelids)

Ideal for individuals who have:

• Eyelid drooping (ptosis) that partially covers the pupil and affects vision
• Congenital ptosis (present from birth) or acquired ptosis due to ageing, trauma, or nerve issues
• Muscle weakness in the eyelid (levator muscle dysfunction)

Not suitable for people with:

• Severe muscle weakness that might make the surgery ineffective
• Neurological conditions affecting eyelid function (e.g., myasthenia gravis) unless evaluated and cleared by a specialist
• Uncontrolled systemic diseases that increase surgical risk

General Candidacy Criteria for All Eyelid Surgeries

• Good overall health (no serious chronic illnesses)
• Stable vision and eye health (consultation with an ophthalmologist may be necessary if there are any concerns on clinical examination)
• Non-smoker or willing to quit before surgery (smoking impairs healing)
• Realistic expectations (understanding that surgery improves but doesn’t completely change eye shape or eliminate ageing signs)
• Psychological readiness (no body dysmorphic disorder or unrealistic expectations)

Determining which type of eyelid surgery you need—whether upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, or ptosis correction—depends on your concerns, symptoms, and aesthetic goals. Here’s a quick guide to help you identify the right procedure:

1. Upper Blepharoplasty (Upper Eyelid Surgery)

You may need this if you have:

• Excess upper eyelid skin that droops over your eyes
• Hooded eyelids making you look tired or aged
• Difficulty applying makeup due to skin folds
• Impaired vision from sagging eyelid skin
• A heavy or tired appearance around the eyes

You may not need it if:

• Your drooping eyelid is due to muscle weakness rather than excess skin (in that case, you may need ptosis surgery)
• Significant brow ptosis is also present. In this case, a brow lift may be a more suitable procedure (with or without upper lid blepharoplasty in addition) but should be done first as a brow lift can result in over-correction when performed after upper lid blepharoplasty.

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2. Lower Blepharoplasty (Lower Eyelid Surgery)

You may need this if you have:

• Under-eye bags or puffiness from fat protrusion
• Dark circles due to shadowing from eye bags
• Loose or wrinkled skin under the eyes
• A hollowed appearance beneath the eyes

You may not need it if:

• Your issue is mainly dark circles from pigmentation rather than structural changes
• You have significant lower eyelid laxity, which may require a different approach

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3. Ptosis Surgery (Eyelid Lift for Droopy Eyelids)

You may need this if you have:

• Eyelid drooping that covers part of your pupil
• Vision obstruction due to eyelid position (not just excess skin)
• A sleepy or tired look from weak eyelid muscles
• A difference in eyelid height between both eyes

You may not need it if:

• The drooping is only due to excess skin (in that case, upper blepharoplasty is more suitable)

How to Decide?

• If your main issue is loose, sagging upper eyelid skin, you likely need upper blepharoplasty.
• If you have under-eye bags, wrinkles, or hollows, lower blepharoplasty may be best.
• If your upper eyelid is drooping over your eye due to weak muscles, you likely need ptosis correction. If the eyelid doesn’t move, this is called static ptosis. If the eyelid moves, but the resting position is low, this is called dynamic ptosis.
• Dr. Glass is an expert in managing both static and dynamic ptosis. The exact surgical plan will depend on the type of ptosis as determined by clinical examination.

What Does Eyelid Surgery Involve?

Eyelid surgery, or blepharoplasty (upper, lower) and ptosis correction, is a surgical procedure to remove excess skin, fat, or correct muscle weakness in the eyelids. The specific approach depends on whether you're having upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, or ptosis surgery.

1. Upper Blepharoplasty (Upper Eyelid Surgery)

• Purpose: Removes excess skin and fat from the upper eyelids to improve vision and appearance.

Procedure Steps:

• Anaesthesia: Usually local anaesthetic with or without sedation (general anaesthetic in rare cases).
• Incision: A small incision is made along the natural eyelid crease.
• Removal/Adjustment: Excess skin, muscle, and fat are carefully removed or repositioned.
• Closure: The incision is closed with fine stitches, which dissolve after a few days.
• Duration: Approx. 45 minutes – 1 hour
• Hospital Stay: Usually outpatient (go home the same day)

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2. Lower Blepharoplasty (Lower Eyelid Surgery)

• Purpose: Reduces under-eye bags, puffiness, and wrinkles for a smoother appearance.

Procedure Steps:

• Anaesthesia: Usually general anaesthetic. Occasionally local anaesthetic with sedation.
• Incision Location: Just below the lower lash line (if skin needs removal).Internal incision (transconjunctival): Inside the lower eyelid (for fat removal only, no visible scar).
• Fat Removal/Repositioning: Excess fat is either removed or redistributed to reduce hollowing.
• Tightening & Closure:
• Duration: 1–2 hours
• Hospital Stay: Usually outpatient

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3. Ptosis Surgery (Eyelid Lift for Droopy Eyelids)

• Purpose: Lifts the eyelid by adjusting or strengthening the levator muscle, which controls eyelid movement (when the levator mechanism is functioning – dynamic ptosis), or using a buried silicone thread to lift the eyelid (when the levator mechanism is not working – static ptosis).

Procedure Steps:

• Anaesthesia: Local anaesthetic with sedation or general anaesthetic.
• Incision:
  
• Muscle Adjustment: The levator muscle is either tightened or reattached to lift the eyelid (dynamic ptosis).
• Closure:
• Duration: 45 minutes – 1 hour
• Hospital Stay: Usually outpatient

General Recovery & Aftercare

After Surgery:

• Mild bruising, swelling, and tightness for 1-2 weeks.
• Feelings of “over-correction” within the first 2 weeks are common.
• Use cold compresses to reduce swelling.
• Sleep with your head elevated.
• Once the eye patch has been removed, use eye ointment twice daily until follow-up.
• Avoid strenuous activity for 2-3 weeks.
• Stitches – Dr Glass uses dissolvable sutures, so simply rub the suture line after 1 week to remove the sutures.

The recovery time after eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty or ptosis correction) varies depending on the type of procedure, your healing process, and aftercare. Here’s a general timeline of what to expect:

1. General Recovery Timeline for Eyelid Surgery

First 24–48 hours

• Swelling & bruising peak around the eyes.
• Eyes may feel tight, watery, dry, or slightly irritated.
• Cold compresses and prescribed eye drops help reduce discomfort.
• Rest with your head elevated to minimise swelling.

Days 3–7

• Swelling and bruising start to improve.
• Stitches (if non-dissolvable) are removed after 5–7 days.
• Most people feel comfortable going out with sunglasses to cover bruising.

Weeks 1–2

• Most visible swelling and bruising subside.
• You can resume light activities but should avoid strenuous exercise.
• If you wear contact lenses, you may need to wait 2 weeks before using them again.

Weeks 3–4

• Swelling continues to settle.
• Most people feel comfortable returning to normal social and work life.
• Scars start fading but may still be slightly red.

6–12 weeks (Final Healing)

• Scarring fades significantly (although it may take several months to fully blend in).
• Final results become more noticeable as residual swelling disappears.

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2. Specific Recovery Times by Surgery Type

Upper Blepharoplasty (Upper Eyelid Surgery)

• Initial recovery: 7–10 days
• Back to normal activities: 1–2 weeks
• Full healing: 6–8 weeks

Lower Blepharoplasty (Lower Eyelid Surgery)

• Initial recovery: 10–14 days
• Back to normal activities: 2–3 weeks
• Full healing: 8–12 weeks

Ptosis Surgery (Eyelid Lift for Droopy Eyelids)

• Initial recovery: 10–14 days
• Back to normal activities: 2–3 weeks
• Full healing: 3 months

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3. Tips for a Smooth Recovery

• Use cold compresses in the first 48 hours to reduce swelling.
• Sleep with your head elevated (use extra pillows).
• Avoid rubbing your eyes to prevent irritation.
• Skip makeup and contact lenses for at least 2 weeks.
• Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise for 2–3 weeks.
• Protect scars from the sun with sunglasses and SPF.
• Stay hydrated and eat a healthy diet to support healing.

The results of eyelid surgery can be long-lasting, but the duration depends on factors such as age, lifestyle, skin quality, and the specific type of surgery.

1. Upper Blepharoplasty (Upper Eyelid Surgery)

How long do results last?

• Typically lasts 10–15 years.
• In some cases, results can be permanent, but natural ageing may cause some drooping over time.

What can affect longevity?

• If sagging returns, it’s usually due to ageing of the forehead or brow rather than the eyelids themselves.
• A brow lift may be needed later if the drooping is due to the forehead rather than excess eyelid skin.

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2. Lower Blepharoplasty (Lower Eyelid Surgery)

How long do results last?

• Results are often longer-lasting than upper blepharoplasty, typically 15 years or more.
• In many cases, lower blepharoplasty is permanent, as fat removal or repositioning is a long-term correction.

What can affect longevity?

• Further skin ageing may lead to fine lines and wrinkles, but these can often be managed with skincare and non-surgical treatments (e.g., laser, fillers, or skin tightening procedures).

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3. Ptosis Surgery (Eyelid Lift for Droopy Eyelids)

How long do results last?

• Can last 10 years or more, but some cases require revision surgery if the muscle weakens again.
• If ptosis was caused by ageing, the condition may slowly return over time.

What can affect longevity?

• Neurological conditions, trauma, or ageing can lead to a recurrence of eyelid drooping.

How to Maintain Results Longer

• Protect your skin from UV exposure – Wear sunglasses and SPF around the eyes.
• Avoid smoking – It accelerates skin ageing and weakens eyelid tissues.
• Use good skincare – Hydration and collagen-boosting products can help maintain elasticity.
• Consider non-surgical maintenance treatments – Laser treatments can enhance results over time.

While eyelid surgery is generally safe when performed by an experienced surgeon, all surgeries carry some risks. These risks can vary depending on whether you’re having upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, or ptosis surgery.

Common Side Effects (Usually Temporary)

These are expected as part of the healing process:

• Swelling & Bruising: Typically lasts 1–2 weeks.
• Dry or Watery Eyes: May feel gritty or irritated but usually improves within a few weeks.
• Mild Discomfort or Tightness: A sensation of tightness or soreness around the eyes.
• Temporary Blurred Vision: Caused by swelling but resolves as you heal.
• Sensitivity to Light: Wearing sunglasses can help.
• Visible Scarring: Initially red or raised but fades over time (especially if incisions are in natural creases).

Potential Risks & Complications

Though rare, the following complications may occur:

• Eyelid Asymmetry: One eyelid may heal differently from the other, leading to unevenness. A revision surgery may be needed.
• Overcorrection: Too much skin is removed, making it difficult to close the eyes fully (can cause dry eye problems).
• Undercorrection: Not enough tissue is removed, requiring a second surgery for further improvement.
• Bleeding (Haematoma) – Small internal bleeding can lead to swelling and discomfort. In rare cases, a blood clot may need draining.
• Infection: Redness, warmth, pus, or worsening pain could indicate an infection and may require antibiotics.
• Ectropion (Lower Eyelid Drooping Outwards) – If too much skin is removed during lower blepharoplasty, the lower lid may pull away from the eye, leading to irritation. This might require revision surgery.
• Entropion (Lower Eyelid Turning Inwards) – The eyelid may turn inward, causing discomfort and requiring further correction.
• Persistent Dry Eyes – If the tear production is affected, dry eyes may become long-term, requiring lubricating eye drops.
• Blurred or Double Vision (Temporary or Permanent in Rare Cases) – Swelling may cause temporary vision changes, but in very rare cases, surgery can affect the eye muscles, leading to long-term double vision.
• Loss of Vision (Extremely Rare) – A very rare but serious complication, usually caused by a retrobulbar haematoma (severe internal bleeding behind the eye). Immediate medical attention would be required.

Risks Specific to Ptosis Surgery

Because ptosis correction involves adjusting the levator muscle, additional risks include:

• Overcorrection or Undercorrection: The eyelid may be lifted too high or not enough, sometimes requiring revision surgery. Please note, it often looks a little over-corrected to begin with. Within the first three weeks, this is nothing to worry about.
• Eyelid Lag (Lid Lag When Looking Down): The eyelid may not close properly, causing dry eyes or irritation.
• Temporary Weakness in Eyelid Movement: Can occur as the muscle heals and adjusts to the new position.

Reducing the Risks – How to Ensure a Safe Surgery

Follow Pre-Surgery Instructions: Avoid smoking, aspirin, and blood-thinning medications before surgery.

Stick to Aftercare Advice:

• Use cold compresses for swelling.
• Keep the area clean to avoid infection.
• Attend follow-up appointments to monitor healing.